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1.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 37(4): 357-364, oct.-dic. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-991280

ABSTRACT

La colangitis biliar primaria (CBP), es una colangiopatía crónica caracterizada por la destrucción selectiva de las células epiteliales biliares de conductos hepáticos de pequeño y mediano calibre, que afecta principalmente a mujeres. Los principales síntomas son la fatiga y el prurito, sin embargo, gran porcentaje de los pacientes pueden ser asintomáticos. El diagnóstico se basa en anticuerpos antimitocondriales (AMA) con títulos >1:40, fosfatasa alcalina >1,5 veces del límite superior normal por más de 24 semanas e histología hepática compatible con la patología. Se asocia con múltiples enfermedades principalmente de carácter autoinmune extra hepáticas, enfermedades tiroideas, óseas, entre otras. El tratamiento de primera línea es el ácido ursodesoxicólico (AUDC) que a pesar que no cura la enfermedad, mejora las pruebas del perfil hepático, así como el retraso en la progresión a cirrosis. Actualmente se encuentran en estudio nuevos tratamientos y terapias adyuvantes. El propósito de esta revisión es ofrecer una actualización de este tema que se presenta en los servicios de medicina interna y gastroenterología; para su realización se conformó un equipo interdisciplinario que desarrolló una búsqueda en la base Medline a través de PubMed con las palabras claves correspondientes y se procedió a una lectura crítica y analítica de títulos, resúmenes y textos completos para el filtro, extracción y síntesis de la información encontrada


Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune cholangiopathy characterized by a selective destruction of biliary epithelial cells of small and medium caliber hepatic ducts, which mainly affects women. The main symptoms are fatigue and pruritus, however, a large proportion of patients may be asymptomatic. The diagnosis is based on AMA titers >1:40, alkaline phosphatase >1.5 times the upper limit for more than 24 weeks and compatible liver histology. It is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases mainly extrahepatic, thyroid diseases, bone diseases, among others. The first line treatment is ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), that improves liver function tests and delay the progression to cirrhosis. Currently, there are new treatments and adjuvant therapies on study. The purpose of this review is to offer an update in this topic, which is very important in gastroenterology and internal medicine. We formed an interdisciplinary team to search in the database Medline thorough PubMed with the key words describe below, we made a critical lecture of the titles and abstracts of each article to write this paper


Subject(s)
Humans , Cholangitis , Pruritus/etiology , Autoantibodies/immunology , Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology , Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Ursodeoxycholic Acid/therapeutic use , Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism , Smoking/adverse effects , Cholangitis/complications , Cholangitis/physiopathology , Cholangitis/immunology , Cholangitis/epidemiology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Fatigue/etiology , Microbiota , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/etiology , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/prevention & control , Mitochondria/immunology , Antibody Specificity
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(4): 504-510, abr. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-553224

ABSTRACT

Liver transplantation has become a standard option in the management of patients with end-stage liver disease. It is now evident that the most common etiology of long-term graft dysfunction is the recurrence of the primary liver disease. Autoimmune liver disorders such as autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis recur between 15 to 30 percent of the graft recipients. The clinical expression of this recurrence tends to be milder; the diagnosis is only established in many patients by fndings in the liver biopsy. This milder clinical expression may be due to the use of immunosuppressive therapy for the prevention of organ rejection and it may also be modulating immune mechanisms that underlie these conditions. The recurrence of hepatitis C virus infection is characterized by an accelerated progression towards cirrhosis and hepatic failure due to the lack of an effective immunoprophylaxis program and an effective antiviral therapy. The recurrence of hepatitis B is uncommon due to the availability on an effective immunoprophylaxis program with effective antiviral agents. The familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy is a genetic condition residing in the hepatocyte that produces a mutation of transthyretin; this abnormal protein is deposited in peripheral nerves, gastrointestinal tract, heart, and kidneys. The liver from these patients, apart from producing this abnormal protein, is otherwise normal, and has been used as an organ for recipients in dire need of a liver transplant, such as patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. This approach is known as “domino” liver transplantation. As these recipients are followed long term, they may develop de novo amyloidosis. In summary, the underlying liver condition that led to endstage liver disease and liver transplantation may recur after liver transplantation. The clinical expression of the recurrence of the hepatic disease is modulated by the immunosuppression...


Subject(s)
Humans , Cholangitis, Sclerosing , Hepatitis, Autoimmune , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/prevention & control , Liver Transplantation , Postoperative Complications , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/prevention & control , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/surgery , Graft Rejection/prevention & control , Graft Survival , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/immunology , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/prevention & control , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/surgery , Immunocompromised Host , Immunosuppression Therapy , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/surgery , Living Donors , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Recurrence , Time Factors
3.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 17(4): 338-341, mar. 2010. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583675

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La lesión de vías biliares es un problema clínico importante, se manifiesta por activación de moléculas inflamatorias y fibrogénicas. Objetivo: Evaluar la expresión hepática y sistémica del factor de crecimiento transformante beta (TGF-ß) en la lesión de vías biliares luego de la colecistectomía. Pacientes y métodos: Grupo 1 (control), 3 sujetos sanos; grupo 2, 37 pacientes con lesión de vías biliares poscolecistectomía. Al grupo 2 se le realizó reconstrucción biliodigestiva a 8 semanas de la lesión. Se midió en suero la expresión de TGF-ß por ELISA. La biopsia hepática se sometió a análisis histopatológico e inmuhistoquímica con el anticuerpo anti-TGF-ß, se cuantificó la expresión mediante soporte digital AxioVision 4.6.3. Resultados: El promedio de los niveles séricos de TGF-ß del grupo 1 fue 904.49 ± 227.24 pg/ml contra el grupo 2 con 44 365.71 ± 20 260.61 pg/ml, 48 veces más expresión (p < 0.0001, t de Student). La actividad inflamatoria hepática fue diversa en el grupo 2, mostró grado 4 en 4 (11%); de 3, 15 (40%); de 2, 18 (49%). En el grupo 1 la actividad inflamatoria fue de grado 0. La expresión hepática del TGF-ß en el grupo 1, es de un promedio de 537.15 ± 330.96 μm2; en el grupo 2, 1 768.09 ± 1 024.50 μm2, 2.3 más expresión (p = 0.0473, t de Student). Conclusión: La expresión hepática y sistémica de TGF-ß se encontró aumentada en los pacientes con lesión de vías biliares poscolecistectomía.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/prevention & control , Cholecystectomy/adverse effects , Cholecystectomy/rehabilitation , Bile Ducts/abnormalities , Bile Ducts/injuries , Transforming Growth Factor beta
4.
Acta cir. bras ; 24(5): 347-352, Sept.-Oct. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-529152

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To test the hepatoprotective effect of water extract from Bidens Pilosa L. (BPE) in cholestatic liver disease induced by ligature and resection of the common bile ducts (LRBD) in young rats. METHODS: We studied four groups of ten 21 days old (P21) Wistar rats, Group SW: sham operation and water; Group SD: sham operation and BPE (160 mg of fresh leaves/100 g of body weight/day); Group LW: LRBD and water and Group LD: LRBD and BPE daily. Pentobarbital sleeping time (PST) and serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were determined after the sacrifice (P70). A Ruwart's score for hepatic fibrosis (RS) was given to each animal. Were employed two way ANOVA and the test of Tukey or a non-parametric test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between LW and LD in the measurements of the PST ((means LW=390; LD=173), AST (means LW=8, LD=5), ALT (medians LW=2; LD=1) e RS (medians LW=2; LD=1). CONCLUSION: BPE could be used in the phytotherapy of the hepatic damage induced by chronic obstructive cholestasis, because protects liver function, decreases the rate of necrosis and liver fibrosis in cholestatic liver disease.


OBJETIVO: Testar o efeito hepatoprotetor do extrato aquoso de Bidens pilosa L. (EBP) na doença hepática induzida pela ligadura e ressecção do ducto biliar comum (LRDBC) em ratos jovens. MÉTODOS: Estudamos ratos Wistar com 21º. dia de vida (P21) divididos em quatro grupos de 10 animais, Grupo SA: operação simulada e água; Grupo SD: operação simulada e EBP (160mg de folhas frescas/100g de peso corporal/dia); Grupo LA: LRDBC e água e Grupo LD: LRDBC e EBP diariamente. O tempo de sono por pentobarbital (TSP), aspartato (AST) e alanina (ALT) aminotransferase foram determinadas após o sacrifício (P70). O Score de Ruwart (SR) para fibrose hepática foi atribuído para cada animal. Foi realizada análise de variância com dois fatores e pelo teste de Tukey para comparações múltiplas ou por teste não paramétrico. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre LA e LD nas variáveis: TSP (médias LA=390; LD=173), AST (médias LA=8, LD=5), ALT (medianas LA=2; LD=1) e SR (medianas LA=2; LD=1). CONCLUSÃO: EBP poderá ser empregado na fitoterapia da doença hepática induzida pela colestase obstrutiva crônica, pois protege a função hepática, diminui a velocidade de necrose e a intensidade da fibrose hepática na obstrução biliar extra-hepática.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Bidens , Cholestasis, Extrahepatic/prevention & control , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/prevention & control , Liver/drug effects , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental , Liver/surgery , Plant Leaves , Pentobarbital/administration & dosage , Rats, Wistar , Sleep/drug effects
5.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 84(6): 522-528, nov.-dez. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-502276

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Testar se a suplementação com ácido ascórbico tem algum afeito citoprotetor em um modelo de cirrose biliar secundária em ratos jovens. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 40 ratos Wistar desmamados no 21º dia pós-natal. Cada grupo de 10 foi submetido a um dos seguintes quatro tratamentos, até o 49º dia pós-natal, quando foram submetidos a eutanásia: 1) LC - ligadura dupla e ressecção do ducto biliar comum e administração diária de ácido ascórbico [100 mg/g de peso corporal (pc)]; 2) LA - ligadura dupla e ressecção do ducto biliar comum e administração diária de veículo aquoso (1 mL/g pc); 3) SC - operação simulada e administração diária de ácido ascórbico (100 mg/g pc); 4) SA - ligadura dupla e ressecção do ducto biliar comum e administração diária de veículo aquoso (1 mL/g pc). Os ratos eram pesados diariamente. No 27º dia pós-operatório, eles receberam injeção intraperitoneal de 1,5 mg/g pc de pentobarbital sódico, e o tempo de sono induzido pelo pentobarbital foi medido. Coletou-se sangue para determinação de atividade sérica de alanina aminotransferase e de aspartato aminotransferase, níveis de albumina e globulina séricas, e o fígado foi analisado quanto à conteúdo de água e gordura. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA two-way, e comparações pareadas entre grupos foram testadas com o método de SNK. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 0,05. RESULTADOS: A suplementação com ácido ascórbico atenuou os efeitos da colestase: reduziu o tempo de anestesia pelo pentobarbital, globulina sérica e o conteúdo de gordura no fígado. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados corroboram a hipótese de que a suplementação com ácido ascórbico tem um efeito citoprotetor na cirrose biliar secundária.


OBJECTIVE: To test whether ascorbic acid supplementation has any cytoprotective effect on a model of secondary biliary cirrhosis in young rats. METHODS: We studied 40 Wistar rats weaned at the 21st postnatal day. Each group of 10 was subjected to one of the following four treatments, until 49th postnatal day, when they suffered euthanasia: 1) LC-double ligature and resection of the common bile duct and daily administration of ascorbic acid [100 mg/g of body weight (bw)]; 2) LA-double ligature and resection of the common bile duct and daily administration of aqueous vehicle (1 mL/g bw); 3) SC-sham operation and daily administration of ascorbic acid (100 mg/g bw); 4) SA-double ligature and resection of the common bile duct and daily administration of aqueous vehicle (1 mL/g bw). The rats were weighed daily. On the 27th day after the operation they received an intra-peritoneal injection of 1.5 mg/g bw of sodium pentobarbital, and the pentobarbital sleeping time was measured. Blood was collected for serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity measurements, serum albumin and globulin concentrations, and the liver was assessed for liver water and fat content. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and paired comparisons between groups were tested using the SNK method. Significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Ascorbic acid supplementation attenuated the effects of cholestasis: decreased the pentobarbital sleeping time, serum globulin, and the liver fat content. CONCLUSIONS: Our results corroborate the hypothesis that ascorbic acid supplementation has a cytoprotective effect in secondary biliary cirrhosis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use , Cholestasis/drug therapy , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/prevention & control , Liver/surgery , Analysis of Variance , Adjuvants, Anesthesia/pharmacology , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Cytoprotection , Cholestasis/complications , Cholestasis/enzymology , Disease Models, Animal , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Pentobarbital/administration & dosage , Rats, Wistar , Sleep/drug effects
6.
In. Villa Gomez Roig, Guido. Actualización y guías de manejo de las enfermedadesdigestivas II. La Paz, CEIGBJ, 2004. p.405-420, graf.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-399312

ABSTRACT

La cirrosis Biliar Primaria, es una enfermedad crónica, colestásica del higado, caracterizada por la destrucción inmunoinflamatoria de ductos biliares intrahepáticos. Es de curso progresivo y evoluciona a cirrosis, produciendo muerte por insuficiencia hepática o por hemorragia secundaria a ruptura de várices esófago-gástricas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/epidemiology , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/etiology , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/prevention & control , Bolivia
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